GNM Nursing psychology - Karnataka state Chapter 5: Personality

GNM Nursing psychology - Karnataka state 

Chapter 5: Personality

Contents:

• Meaning and definition, types, development and organisation theories of personality

• Psychometric assessments of personality

• Will and character in personality 

• Alterations in personality

• Applications

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Notes

|| Personality ||

¶ Personality: The word personality is derived from the Latin word called PERSONA means mask.

Personality is the total quality of a person.

It includes ability, habits, capacity, attitude, talent...... 

¶ Characteristics of personality:

• No two individuals are the same
• Every individual is different in nature
• Personality is the total quality of an individual.
• Personality is making adjustments with the environment
• It is unique (Very special)

¶ Types of personality (Classification)

• The type approach
• The trait approach
• The developmental approach
• Glandular type of personality
• Sigmund Freud

1. The type approach: Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine classified people into:

• Sanguine: more blood in the body - happy , healthy.. 
• Phelgmatic: more mucus or phelgem - calm, quite, slow, not easily exiled. 
• Choleric: more yellow bile - anger, active , short temper..
• Meloncholic: more black bile - depression, sad, miserable

2. The trait approach: Kretchmen classified human into:

• Asthenic: tall, introvert (shy), weak...
• Athletic: active, aggressive, large.    
• Pyknic: extrovert (sociable)
• dysplasia: ill - balanced

3. The developmental approach: Karl Jung classified human personality into:

• Introvert
• Extrovert

4. Glandular type of personality: Bermen classified human personality into:

• Adreanel personality (energytic)
• Pituitary personality (Sexual potential?)

5. Sigmund Freud: Freud classified human personality on the basis 9f sexual development. They are:

1. Oral stage (mouth)
2. Anal stage
3. Otipal stage (attraction towards opposite)
4. Genital stage (direct sex)

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|| Reasoning and problem solving ||

¶ Meaning: Reasoning is the highest form of thinking. It requires and needs well organised brain. This reasoning is stepwise thinking with a purpose of goal in the mind.

¶ Types of reasoning:

1. Inductive reasoning: In this type of reasoning we proceed from particular to general conclusions.
EX: Ram is mortal

2. Deductive reasoning: In this type of reasoning we proceed from particular to general.
EX: All men are mortal

¶ Steps involved in the scientific method of problem solving:

• Identification of the problem
• Statement of the problem
• Collection of relavant data
• Formulation of hypothesis
• Analysis
• Conclusion and suggestion


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