B. Sc and GNM Nursing Psychology (First year)Unit II: Biology of BehaviourQuestion and answers:

B. Sc and GNM Nursing Psychology (First year)
Unit II: Biology of Behaviour

Question and answers:

Long type questions (10 Marks each)

1. Explain the mechanism of heredity and environment on human behaviors

Mechanism of Heredity:

(i) Mating:

Mating is the 1st step for reproduction. The union of male sperm with female ovum the results is zygote.

(ii) Growth:

It involves repeated division of the fertilized cell or zygote.

(iii) Chromosomes:

Every woman and man receives 23 chromosomes from each parent or 46 in all.

(iv) Genes:

Each chromosome consists of small particles numbering 40 to 100 which are called genes.

(v) Chance factor:

Both ovum and sperm before fertilization contain 23 pairs of chromosomes each. At the time of conception, the genes in the chromosomes of the sperm, pair the genes of ovum and determine the potential characteristics and qualities of the off spring.

The result of the union of the genes is called heredity
➖➖➖➖➖

2. Define heredity. Explain heredity and environment related to one personality development

Heredity is defined as the manner in which characteristics and traits are passed on from parents to their offspring.

1. Knowledge of heredity and environment helps to know the varying needs and abilities of the organism.

2. It helps to provide proper guidance to the living organisms.

3. It helps us to classify children as gifted, normal or slow learners and arrange different types of education for them.

4. It helps the teacher to provide a better environment.

5.  It helps us to know the principle of individual differences and arrange the experience accordingly.

6. It helps us to study the behaviour of the individual under different situations.

7. It helps us to organize various curricular and co- curricular programmes for the best benefit of the children.

So the knowledge of both heredity and environment is of utmost value to the teachers, administrators and educational planners. If it is realized, the system of education will be changed to a great extent.
🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑

Short type questions (5 Marks)

1. Hereditary

Heredity is defined as the manner in which characteristics and traits are passed on from parents to their offspring.

These traits may include hair color, eye color, height, facial structure and others. Genetic information containing these traits are stored in the nuclei of cells called genes.

These genes are found in strands of DNA referred to as chromosomes.

Forty-six of these chromosomes are found in each human cell, with the exception of sex cells, which contain only 23 chromosomes each.
➖➖➖➖➖➖

2. Discuss in detail the two types of chromosomal disorders.

Chromosomal abnormalities may also classify as constitutional or acquired.

1. Constitutional chromosomal abnormalities arise during gametogenesis or early embryogenesis and affect all or a major portion of an organism’s cells.

2. Acquired chromosomal abnormalities typically develop during adulthood and affect a single clone of cells with a determined distribution in the body exclusively.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

3. Role of environment

Environment plays an important role in healthy living and the existence of life on planet earth. Earth is a home for different living species and we all are dependent on the environment for food, air, water, and other needs.

Therefore, it is important for every individual to save and protect our environment.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

4. Classification of environment

There are two different types of environment:

• Geographical environment
• Man-made environment

Geographical environment is the natural environment and contains all the components of nature such as mountains, rivers, land, water, deserts, storms, etc.

Man made  environment created artificially by man to regulate the environmental conditions. It includes the social environment that exists as long as society exists. It includes, traditions, regulations, institutions and organizations. Whereas geographical environment is the natural environment.
🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑🌑

Short type questions (2 Marks)

1. Heredity and environment

Heredity, no doubt has its influence on the physiological traits but the environment is also the arbiter of our development.
➖➖➖➖➖

2. Functions of sympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system is best known for its role in responding to dangerous or stressful situations
➖➖➖➖➖➖
3. Meaning of the term behaviors

Behaviour is describable as an attempt on the part of an individual to bring about some state of  affairs -- either to effect a change from one state of affairs to another, or to maintain a currently existing one.
➖➖➖➖➖➖
4. Name the two types of twins

The main types of twins are fraternal twins and identical twins.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

5. Biological inheritance

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
➖➖➖➖➖➖
6. Name the chemical senses

Three sensory systems associated with the nose and mouth—olfaction, taste, and the trigeminal chemosensory system—are dedicated to the detection of chemicals in the environment.
➖➖➖➖➖➖
7. Expand DNA and RNA

DNA stands for Deoxyribose nucleic acid and RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.
🛞🛞🛞🛞🛞🛞