GNM Nursing studies - First year - Karnataka stateChapter 1. Introduction to Psychology
GNM Nursing studies - First year - Karnataka state
Chapter 1. Introduction to Psychology
Syllabus:
• History and origin of science of psychology
• Definition and scope of psychology
• Relevance of psychology to nursing
• Methods of psychology
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Notes:
|| Introduction to Psychology ||
¶ Meaning of Psychology: Psychology is a very young science which began in the year of 1879.
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (1832–1920) is known to posterity as the “father of experimental psychology” and the founder of the first psychology laboratory
The word psychology was formed by combining the Greek psyche (meaning “breath, principle of life, life, soul,”) with - logia (which comes from the Greek logos, meaning “speech, word, reason”).
In first phase, the meaning of psychology was understood as the science of soul and spirit.
In the second phase, the meaning of psychology was understood as the science of mind.
In third phase, the meaning of psychology was understood as the science of conscious behaviour.
In fourth phase, the meaning of psychology is accepted as the science of human behaviour or individual behaviour.
¶ Meaning of behaviour: Behaviour includes all types of activities of a man in everyday life. These activities are motor activities, emotion activities and cognitive activities.
¶ Definition of Psychology:
Psychology as the science conscious experience - W M Wundt (father of psychology)
Psychology as the science of human as well as animal behaviour - J B Watson
Psychology as the science of behaviour - Pills Burry
¶ Nature of Psychology:
1. Psychology is having well organised theories
2. Psychology has applied branches also
3. Psychology believes that every human behaviour has its own root cause.
4. Psychology assess human personality
5. Psychology has scientific methods and techniques
¶ Scope of Psychology:
A. Pure psychology
1. General Psychology
2. Abnormal Psychology
3. Social Psychology
4. Geo Psychology
5. Para Psychology
6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology
B. Applied Psychology
1. Educational Psychology
2. Clinical Psychology
3. Military Psychology
4. Political Psychology
5. Legal Psychology
6. Adult Psychology
7. Experimental Psychology
8. Industrial Psychology
And the above branches in psychology deal with:
(Pure psychology)
1. General Psychology - Normal behaviour
2. Abnormal Psychology - Mentally retarded people
3. Social Psychology - Group dynamics
4. Geo Psychology - It explains geographical environment with its relationship with human behaviour.
5. Para Psychology - It explains about E. S. P ( Extra Sensory Perception)
Example: Telepathy, Pre-Recognition....
6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology - Deals with infancy to old-age
(Applied Psychology)
1. Educational Psychology - Explains about education such as thinking, learning, motivation..
2. Clinical Psychology - Explains about diagnosis, treatments....
3. Military Psychology - It deals with military science
4. Political Psychology - It deals with politics and political behaviour of individuals, formation of government, leadership qualities....
5. Legal Psychology - It deals with legal aspects such as criminals, witness, Judges, lawyers....
6. Adult Psychology - It deals with adolescents and their parents, parenthood.
7. Experimental Psychology - It deals about experiments on human behaviour in laboratory to find a solution for behaviour problems
8. Industrial Psychology - It deals with industrial behaviour in industrial environment.
¶ Methods of Psychology
1. Introspection method (Self observation method)
This is the oldest method in psychology to do research. Introspection means look within. In this method patients observe, analyse and report his or her feelings. This method is less expensive. This method is not for mentally retarded people and children.
2. Observational method ( Systematic observation method)
It is a scientific method and can be verified. It studies the behaviour of an individual scientifically. It has various techniques, that is, PARTICIPATION METHOD, NON PARTICIPATION METHOD, CONTROLLED METHOD and UNCONTROLLED METHOD.
3. Experimental method
It is the most important scientific method used to study human behaviour. This method is popularised and developed by Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (father of psychology). In this method human behaviour is observed in the laboratory. This method is highly effective and expensive.
4. Survey method
This method is very useful for collecting information through two different techniques. One is interview technique and another one is questionairre technique. This method is time consuming and expensive.
5. Questionairre method
In this method questions are printed and send to responded requesting them to answer all types of closed questions and sometimes open type questions.
Merits: It is economical, the responded will be given time to answer it, very less expensive
Demerits: Useful for only educated, possibilities of wrong answers, sometimes postal delay....
6. Test method
This method is used to measure talent, skill, ability of an individual. This method follows true or false techniques to evaluate and improve.
7. Clinical method (Case history)
This is a popular and useful method in medical field, useful to collect patients history to find reasons and causes for the disease. In this method information can be collected through case history, interactions, home visits....
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